Elementary mathematics consists of subjects of mathematics taught at the primary or secondary levels. It uses common mathematical concepts that took shape before the appearance of mathematical analysis. Elementary mathematics mainly consists of arithmetic, elementary number theory, elementary algebra, elementary geometry and trigonometry. It deals with constant quantities as well as geometric figures whose magnitude may not be relevant to the problem at hand. Number theory often uses elementary proofs, in which mathematical analysis methods are not employed. Some of the basic components in elementary mathematics are number sense and numeration, measurement, geometry and spatial sense, patterning and algebra, and data management and probability. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of elementary mathematics. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on elementary mathematics.