The modelling and representation of prehistoric hunter-gatherer behaviours is largely influenced by the investigation of sites with high archaeological visibility, due to the presence of large amounts of knapped lithics, which generally survive the ravages of time. As a consequence, behaviours which were not, or to a limited extent, associated with stone tools are underrepresented in archaeological narratives about hunter-gatherer lifestyles, which, however, have characterised most of the human past. Occasionally, at sites where preservation conditions are good, archaeological finds point to the importance of organic resources for tools and the manufacturing of a broad range of use items, such as clothing, footwear, containers, as well as tent covers and mats. In fact, it is highly likely that organic materials ¿ e.g. wood, bark, bone, antler, hide ¿ were dominant in the creation of material culture, and possibly played a pivotal role in sociocultural communication. The lack of attention for sites and phenomena associated with no or few lithics causes several problems with regard to archaeological insights into the variability in landscape use, technological traditions, and sociocultural interaction. This book presents a collection of articles which address these problems from several angles, with an emphasis on the Mesolithic of NW Europe: dwellings and activities associated with no or few lithics; variability in site location and landscape use, notably in relation to hunting and ethology of game species; and technological aspects of non-lithic material culture. The book intends to increase awareness of the consequences of the issues addressed for our understanding of the past, and boost research and heritage management initiatives in this field. Contents Introduction Cultural dynamics in Stone Age hunter-gatherer lifeways. Hidden dimensions Ole Grøn and Hans Peeters Part 1 ¿ Dwellings with no or little knapped lithics A Mesolithic bark mat on Kvitsøy in south-western Norway Sigrid Alræk Dugstad No knapping on the floor! Norwegian examples of (mainly) Mesolithic dwellings with few associated lithics Silje Fretheim Part 2 ¿ Sites in the landscape with no or little knapped lithics. Mesolithic sites with no or few finds: some examples from the west coast of Sweden Robert Hernek Dozens of large and (almost) empty pits. Towards a new geography for the French Mesolithic? Nathalie Achard-Corompt, Emmanuel Ghesquière, Christophe Laurelut, Charlotte Leduc, Arnaud Rémy, Isabelle Richard, Vincent Riquier, Luc Sanson and Julia Wattez Mesolithic Landscapes and where to hunt the big game: everywhere, or ??? David Vogt, Ole Grøn, Hans Peeters, Robert Hernek and Eva David Part 3 ¿ Non-lithic material culture. What is not there? Skin and fur objects in prehistoric hunter-gatherer societies Torunn Klokkernes Thin and spiky: eyed needles, sharp awls (a case study on materials from the Upper Palaeolithic Yana site, Arctic Siberia) Vladimir V. Pitulko and Elena Y. Pavlova Bone flakes from traditional metapodial reduction in postglacial deposits Éva David, Arturo Cueva Temprana and Justyna Or¿ovska