Earth inhabits many species of flora and fauna. The existence of these infinite and vastly different species depends on their varied geographical, natural, environmental and geological environment and space. The study of this distribution based on geological time and geographical space is called biogeography. It has two main branches namely, zoogeography and phytogeography. This book explores all the important aspects of biogeography in the present-day scenario. It is designed to provide deep insights about the subject to the readers. The topics included in the text are based on the most important areas of this vast subject. This textbook will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.