Material Science is an interdisciplinary field concerning the properties of matter and its applications to numerous areas of science and engineering. Materials have always been an integral part of human civilization and social development. It focuses on the factors that makes one material different from another. These factors include bonding arrangement, impurities, surface structure, length scale and so on. The study of the physical properties of materials are very important because the essential information gained from these properties decides the use of these materials for various devices. These properties can be studied with the help of advanced material science techniques. This book provides the comprehensive study of most of these techniques useful in material study. The whole book is distributed into four chapters. Chapter I covers the deep introduction of the materials and their physical properties. Chapter II and III gives the detailed information about the thin films deposition, optical, electrical and structural characterization techniques. The irradiation techniques due to which one can modify the material properties are discussed in the last chapter of this book.