Biotechnology is a broad area of biology concerned with the development or manufacture of products using living organisms, biological systems and their derivatives. It integrates the principles of biological sciences such as biochemistry, cell biology, embryology, microbiology, etc. It overlaps with the fields of bio-engineering, molecular biology, biomanufacturing, biomedical engineering, etc. It has applications in the domains of food production, medicine and agriculture. The production of antibiotics and vaccines, production of wine, cheese and beer through fermentation processes, management and reduction of waste, etc. are some applications of biotechnology that are aided by microbes. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of microbial biotechnology. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.