In this The authors of this book disclose the physical principles of operation of the developed microgravity universal electroseparator, which allowed to realize: round-the-clock extraction of water from urine; purification of fuel liquid from contaminants and microbes; obtaining a concentrate of rapidly multiplying microalgae for conversion of carbon dioxide into oxygen, and food biomass to feed the crew; production of hydrogen and oxygen for continuous charging of fuel cells and continuous charging of fuel cells and maintenance of the energy system in the International Space Station life support and power supply systems. Presented development prospective systems life support and power supply systems of the International Space Station on the basis of complex of universal electric separators.