The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria kill more than 6 million people each year. At the end of 2006, about 39.5 million people were living with HIV/AIDS, 2.3 million (6%) of whom were children under 15 years. Nearly 90% of all children infected with HIV are African. On each day of 2005, some 1,500 children around the world contracted HIV, due in large part to inadequate access to drugs that prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT). In that year, 8% of pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries had access to PMTCT services.

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