Proteins perform various functions in living organisms. However, any mutation in the amino acid residues of a protein affects its structure and function. Some of these mutations may lead to diseases. These disease-causing mutations have an impact on protein structure, stability, and its binding affinity to complexes. Moreover, the study of amino acid mutation in proteins is important for developing therapeutic strategies. It is a pertinent and timely endeavor to provide comprehensive insights on the consequences of these mutations. The main highlights of this book are the effects of protein mutations on its various functions such as aggregation, folding, stability, binding affinity, and diseases, as well as a wide range of applications such as database development, computational algorithms, and drug design. It will be a platform to provide the up-to-date information and latest developments in the field and will serve as a single resource to get the information on comparative studies to delineate these mutational effects on protein folding, stability, and interactions, and for understanding the molecular basis of diseases.