Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 31. Chapters: BI/TAS, Business support system, Channel bank, Communications system, Convergence (telecommunications), Customer experience, Digital telephony, EADAS, Enhanced Telecom Operations Map, Fleet telematics system, Frameworx, Geographical Operations System, Hardware Information Navigational Tool, Integrated flowthrough, Managed facilities-based voice network, Master station, Milliwatt test, Morse system, NetCracker Technology Corp., NetExpert, Operations support system, Protective distribution system, Public switched telephone network, Recent change memory administration center, Service Evaluation System, Systems control, System integrity, Technical control facility, Telecommunications billing, Telecommunications systems management, Telecom Application Map, Telex, Théâtrophone, Transmission system, Trunks Integrated Record Keeping System, Turing switch, Wired communication. Excerpt: Telecommunications convergence, network convergence or simply convergence are broad terms used to describe emerging telecommunications technologies, and network architecture used to migrate multiple communications services into a single network. Specifically this involves the converging of previously distinct media such as telephony and data communications into common interfaces on single devices. Siddhartha defines convergence, in his Policy initiative elemmas on Media Covergence: A Cross National Perspective, as integration and digitalization. Integration, here, is defined as "a process of transformation measure by the degree to which diverse media such as phone, data broadcast and information technology infrastructures are combined into a single seamless all purpose network architecture platform". Digitalization is not so much defined by its physical infrastructure, but by the content or the medium. Van Dijk suggests that "digitalization means breaking down signals into bytes consisting of ones and zeros". Convergence is defined by Blackman, 1998, as a trend in the evolution of technology services and industry structures. Convergence is later defined more specifically as the coming together of telecommunications, computing and broadcasting into a single digital bit-stream. Mueller stands against the statement that convergence is really a takeover of all forms of media by one technology: digital computers. Convergence services, such as VoIP, IP-TV, Mobile TV, etc., will replace the old technologies and is a threat to the current service providers. IP-based convergence is inevitable and will result in new service and new demand in the market. When the old technology converges into the public-owned common, IP based services become access-independent or less dependent. The old service is access-dependent. Communication networks were designed to carry different types of information independently. Radio was designed for audio, and Televisions were designed for video. T